One of the most important skills an animal lover should have is the ability to recognize and report animal cruelty. It’s unfortunate that the need for such a skill exists, but being able to identify when an animal’s well-being is compromised can help save countless lives.

The best way to recognize animal cruelty is to examine the animal and its physical environment. So the next time you peep over the wall or hear a dog or cat for an abnormal amount of time, stop and take a look at the following to see if you notice any of the following:

Physical signs

• Open wounds
• Untreated skin conditions
• Fur infested with parasites, like fleas or ticks
• Weakness, limping, or an inability to stand normally
• Chafing or wounds on neck from a too-tight collar
• Extreme thinness
• Discharge coming out of eyes or nose
• Signs of confusion or drowsiness
• Matted fur
• A guardian striking or somehow physically abusing the animal
   

Environmental signs

• Pet being tied up for long periods of time
• Little/no access to clean water and proper food
• Pet kept in unsanitary conditions
• Pet kept in kennel or cage that is too small for normal movement, or in area with many other animals
• Pet has no protection from the elements when outside (shade, water)

If you see these signs, it is important for the safety and health of the animal to report the cruelty to us or your local shelter. If talking to the pet’s guardian doesn’t help, or you would rather not confront them on your own, find out who is in charge of investigating and enforcing animal cruelty codes in your town. These are people that usually work for your local humane organization, animal control agency, police department, or tax-funded animal shelter or welfare.

If you are unable to figure out who you should contact, contact your local SPCA for advice or help.

After finding out who to contact, here are some tips for reporting the abuse:

• Write a written, factual statement of what was observed. Exact dates and times should be included. You may want to do this before searching for a contact, when you’re clearest on the details.
• Try to photograph the abuse. Also with exact dates and times listed.
• Try to get witnesses. If they’re willing to, have them give written statements as well.
• Make sure to keep records. Keep a list of who you speak to, as well as the date, the content, and outcome of the conversation.
• Keep copies of everything. It is important that you have a copy for yourself of any documents you hand out to other people.
• Make it known that you are willing to proceed in the case. Offer assistance wherever you can.
• Follow up. If you do not receive a response within a reasonable point of time, present the case to the supervisor, and if necessary, call local government officials.
• Try to obtain expert support. Expert witnesses are often necessary in animal cruelty cases, and can make or break the outcome. Find a veterinarian or animal rescue working who is willing to back up your claim if need be.

Don’t be shy about standing up for those without a voice—when you report animal cruelty, you give an animal a chance at life.